However, others have argued that labeling frequent smartphone use alongside substances like cocaine or alcohol may diminish the severity of true addiction and overpathologize typical behavior 14. Therefore, the more appropriate terminology “problematic smartphone use” was used in this study. We have found that cyberbullying victimization has been experienced by 57.2% of college students at least once. It is not trivial to delineate the exact category of harmful substance use for which a label such as addiction is warranted (See Box 1). Throughout clinical medicine, diagnostic cut-offs are set by consensus, commonly based on an evolving understanding of thresholds above which people tend to benefit from available interventions.
Dynamics of drug dependence: implications of a conditioning theory for research and treatment
In this model, 5000 bootstrap samples and 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals (CIs) were implemented. The goodness https://www.zel-veter.ru/news/view/275 of fit was assessed using various indices, including the χ2 test statistic, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), standardized root mean square residual (SRMR), comparative fit index (CFI) and Tucker-Lewis index (TLI). The present paper is a response to the increasing number of criticisms of the view that addiction is a chronic relapsing brain disease. In many cases, we show that those criticisms target tenets that are neither needed nor held by a contemporary version of this view. Common themes are that viewing addiction as a brain disease is criticized for being both too narrow (addiction is only a brain disease; no other perspectives or factors are important) or too far reaching (it purports to discover the final causes of addiction).
- In the context of addiction, low self-efficacy might lead someone to believe they can’t resist cravings or cope with life’s challenges without substances.
- The term “powerlessness,” as it is used in addiction recovery, is often a turn-off, both to people in recovery and those in the general public, since the term is so misunderstood.
- By peering through the lens of various psychological theories, treatment providers can tailor interventions to address the specific cognitive, emotional, and behavioral patterns that maintain addictive behaviors.
- Following the I-PACE model, the current study would address how autistic traits influence PSU.
Professional development
The researchers assured the participants that their personal information would remain confidential and that the data would be anonymized. It has been shown that high level of anxiety can lead to impaired http://www.hallart.ru/other/from-russia-with-love executive function (i.e., executive dysfunction) 37, 62, 74,75,76. The attentional control theory (ACT) 74 proposed that anxiety impairs inhibition and shifting (two core components of executive function). This can be explained as anxiety exhausting cognitive resources and leading to executive dysfunction 74, 77.
- It is therefore reasonable to conclude that adolescents with high autistic traits are prone to develop PSU due to their executive dysfunction.
- The goal of these therapies is to address the underlying emotional and cognitive factors that contribute to addiction, as well as to develop healthier coping strategies and more adaptive beliefs and thought patterns.
- The tapestry of addiction theory may never be complete, but each new thread we add brings us closer to a fuller, richer understanding of this complex human experience.
- These environmental factors critically include availability of drugs, but also of healthy alternative rewards and opportunities.
Social learning theory
- Therefore, intervention program of PSU for individuals with high autistic traits should focus on their deficits and difficulties in social interaction.
- The Disease Model has had a profound impact on the way addiction is treated and managed.
- These findings have important implications for developing interventions that address the social challenges faced by adolescents with high autistic traits and promote healthy smartphone use habits in this population.
- There are many risk factors for addiction, from individual factors such as stress tolerance and personality makeup to social factors such as friendships and educational and job opportunities.
As of June 2024, the number of smartphone Internet users in China mainland has reached 1.096 billion, which is nearly 75.9% of the Chinese population 1. Despite of convenience of smartphones 2, a growing number of studies find the adverse effects of excessive smartphone use 3. Excessive smartphone use is linked to social anxiety 4, 5, poor communication skills 6, social relationship and loneliness 7, lower mindfulness 8, poor emotion regulation 9, sleep problems 10, 11, and more psychological distress 12. PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5-TR® library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides http://www.libma.ru/psihologija/izmenennye_sostojanija_soznanija_i_kultura_hrestomatija/p4.php psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development.
